Naslov (srp)

Ocena genotipova pšenice na osnovu osobina korena i stabla klijanaca kao potencijal za oplemenjivanje : doktorska disertacija

Autor

Blažić, Milica, 1985-

Doprinosi

Prodanović, Slaven, 1964-
Branković, Gordana, 1977-
Kandić, Vesna, 1982-
Dodig, Dejan, 1968-
Živanović, Tomislav, 1965-

Opis (srp)

Istraživanje biljaka u ranim fazama porasta postalo je uobičajena praksa jer ima potencijalda se na brži i lakši način identifikuju genotipovi sa poželjnim osobinama korena i stabla, kao i saboljom tolerantošću na stres. Pokazano je da brži rani porast kod biljke pšenice doprinosi većojsezonskoj iskoristljivosti vode, što utiče na povećanje ukupne biomase, i na kraju na povećanjeprinosa zrna. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se izvrši ocena 101 genotipa hlebne pšenice na osnovuosobina korena i stabla klijanaca u hidroponskoj kulturi u kontrolisanim uslovima fitotrona, kako bise izdvojili oni sa bržim ranim porastom korena i stabla kao preduslov za kasniju veću tolerantnostna stres. Odabrani genotipovi su zatim međusobno ukrštani i zajedno sa F1 potomstvom testirani naotpornost na veštački izazvan osmotski stres. Rezultati ispitivanja u fazi klijanaca su verifikovani urealnijim uslovima sredine, u zemljišnom supstratu u stakleniku, u fazi bokorenja.Varijabilnost osobina korena u fazi klijanaca bila je veća u odnosu osobine stabla. Ispitivanigenotipovi su se najviše razlikovali u osobinama koje opisuju arhitekturu korenovog sistema –grananje, ugao i broj bočnih korenova. Genotipovi iz Srbije pokazali su niske vrednosti dužine itežine korena i stabla, ali visoke vrednosti osobina arhitekture korenovog sistema. F1 potomstvo jeimalo duži primarni koren i širi ugao rasta seminalnih korenova u odnosu na roditelje. Takođe, F1potomstvo bilo je otpornije na osmotski stres u odnosu na roditelje. U fazi bokorenja kod većeg delanove germplazme došlo je do povećane preraspodele suve materije u koren u odnosu na stablo. Dvekombinacije ukrštanja koje su se u ovom istraživanju izdvojile kao superiorne u pogledu nadzemnihosobina i osobina korena su Euklid x CHI-4 i WWBMC2 x Ingenio. Iz ovih kombinacija bi se udaljem procesu selekcije moglo očekivati izdvajanje boljih linija od roditeljskih u pogledu ranogporasta, kako u povoljnim tako i u stresnim uslovima sredine. Veliko slaganje rezultata u faziklijanaca i fazi bokorenja može pružiti prednost oplemenjivačima, s’obzirom da je selekcija u faziklijanaca lakša, jeftinija i manje zahtevna od selekcije biljaka u kasnijim fazama razvoja na polju.

Opis (srp)

BIOTEHNIČKE NAUKE - RATARSTVO I POVRTARSTVO / BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES- FIELD AND VEGETABLE CROPS Datum odbrane: 22.09.2022.

Opis (eng)

Research of plants in the early stages of growth has become a common practice because itmakes it possible to identify genotypes with desired root and shoot traits and better tolerance tostress in a faster and easier way. It was shown that faster early growth of wheat plants contributes tohigher seasonal usability of water which affects the increase of total biomass and eventualy thegrain yield. The aim of this research was to evaluate 101 genotypes of bread wheat based on rootand shoot traits of seedlings in hydroponic culture under controlled phytotron conditions, in order toselect those with higher early root and shoot growth as a precondition for later higher tolerance tostress. The selected genotypes were then interbred and together with F1 progeny tested forresistance to artificially induced osmotic stress. Research results in the seedling stage were verifiedin the more realistic environmental conditions, in the greenhouse soil substrate, in the bootingphase.Variability of root traits in the seedling phase was higher compared to that of shoot traits.The examined genotypes differed mostly in those properties which describe the architecture of theroot system – branching, angle and number of seminal roots. Genotypes from Serbia showed lowvalues regarding length and weight of root and shoot, but the values regarding the architecture ofthe root system were high. F1 progeny had longer primary roots and wider growth angles of seminalroots compared to parents. Also, F1 progeny had higher tolerance to osmotic stress compared toparents. In the booting phase most of the new germplasm had increased redistribution of dry matterinto the root compared to the shoot. Two crossbreeding combinations in this research that stood outas superior with regard to aboveground and root properties are Euklid x CHI-4 and WWBMC2 xIngenio. In terms of early growth in favourable as well as in stressful environmental conditionsbetter lines than parental ones could be expected to stand out in the process of further selection fromthese combinations. High correlation between results in the seedling phase and the booting phasecan give advantage to breeders, as selection in the seedling phase is easier, cheaper and lessdemanding than the selection of plants in the later development phase in the field.

Jezik

srpski

Datum

2022

Licenca

Ovo delo je licencirano pod uslovima licence
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 AT - Creative Commons Autorstvo - Nekomercijalno - Bez prerada 3.0 Austria License.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/at/legalcode

Predmet

OSNO - Opšta sistematizacija naučnih oblasti, Žita

varijabilnost, arhitektura korena, rani porast, korelacije, klaster analiza, ukrštanja, osmotski stres, indeksi stresa, heterozis, multivarijaciona analiza

633.11:631.52(043.3)

OSNO - Opšta sistematizacija naučnih oblasti, Žita

variability, root architecture, early vigour, correlations, cluster analysis, crossbreeding, osmotic stress, stress indices, heterosis, multivariate analysis