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Univerziteta u Beogradu
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Unveiling the Bioactive Potential of the Aerial Parts of Balkan Achillea clypeolata Comparison with Officinal Achillea millefolium
Šavikin, Katarina
Jovanović, Aleksandra A.
Pirković, Andrea
Alimpić Aradski, Ana
Živković, Jelena
Stević, Tatjana
Trendafilova, Antoaneta
Background/Objectives: Achillea millefolium is a well-known medicinal plant recognized in several pharmacopeias, while the Balkan endemic species Achillea clypeolata lacks a pharmacopeial monograph and remains insufficiently studied despite its traditional use. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological potential of both species. Methods: Chemical composition was studied using UHPLC-MS/MS, HPLC, and FT-IR; anti-inflammatory potential was analyzed by erythrocyte membrane stabilization assay (heat- and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis); and enzyme-inhibitory activity was tested against collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase. In addition, antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and DCFDA assays; antimicrobial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method; and cytotoxic potential was investigated by the MTT assay. Results: The major constituents in water–ethanolic extracts were quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins, with chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, cosmosiin, cynaroside, rutin, and hyperoside as dominant in both species. Extracts exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity, where A. millefolium provided greater protection under heat-induced hemolysis, and both extracts showed comparable efficacy under osmotic stress. Concentration-dependent inhibition of collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase (concentration from 62.5 to 1000 µg/mL), along with significant antioxidant activity in ABTS and DPPH assays, was observed. In MRC-5 cells, the extracts reduced AAPH-induced ROS levels up to 50 µg/mL, while higher concentrations showed diminished effects. Moderate cytotoxicity was observed, with A. clypeolata displaying stronger effects at 50–100 µg/mL. Both Achillea species exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with pronounced effects against Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: The results support the traditional use of Achillea species and highlight A. clypeolata as a promising, yet underexplored, source of bioactive compounds for dermatological and pharmaceutical applications.
engleski
2026
Ovo delo je licencirano pod uslovima licence
Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 - Creative Commons Autorstvo 4.0 International License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
chlorogenic acid; UHPLC-MS/MS; skin; anti-inflammatory; collagenase; elastase; hyaluronidase; tyrosinase
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18050591