IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES
Babajić, Amra
Baraković Nurikić, Mirnesa
Kurtagić, Esma
Apstrakt. Globalizacija je jedna od velikih promjena koje vode ka stvaranju globalne ekonomije bez ikakvih granica i barijera. Države nastoje ostvariti što veći ekonomski rast kako bi njihovo stanovništvo i ekonomija bolje funkcionirali u vremenima sve većih i naglih promjena i nestabilnosti. Glavni cilj ovog rada je utvrditi utjecaj globalizacije na strane direktne investicije i bruto domaći proizvod u zemljama Zapadnog Balkana, odnosno mogu li procesi sve veće globalizacije neke zemlje biti ujedno i korisni za tu zemlju. Globalizacija je posmatrana temeljem indeksa globalizacije KOF, indeksa ekonomskih sloboda zemalja, dok su strane direktne investicije posmatrane su kroz pokazatelje priliva direktnih stranih ulaganja (u daljnjem tekstu FDI), a bruto domaći proizvod posmatran je kroz bruto domaći proizvod po glavi stanovnika (u daljnjem tekstu BDP po glavi stanovnika). Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene zemlje Zapadnog Balkana u razdoblju od 2005. do 2022. godine. Korištene su metode deskriptivne statistike i korelacione analize te metoda komparacije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da KOF indeks globalizacije ima statistički značajan i jak pozitivan odnos s prilivom direktnih stranih ulaganja i bruto domaćim proizvodom po glavi stanovnika. Osim toga, rezultati su pokazali rastući trend vrijednosti KOF indeksa globalizacije, kao i rastući trend rasta bruto domaćeg proizvoda po glavi stanovnika.
Abstract. Globalization represents one of the great changes leading to the creation of a global economy without the existence of any borders and obstacles. Countries strive to achieve as much economic growth as possible, so that their population and economy can function better in times of sudden and increasing changes and various instabilities. The main goal of this paper is to determine the impact of globalization on both foreign direct investment and gross domestic product in Western Balkan countries, i.e. whether the processes of increasing globalization of a country can simultaneously be beneficial for that country. Globalization was observed on the basis of the KOF Index of Globalisation, taking into account indices for the economic freedom of countries, foreign direct investment was observed by means of indicators of inflow of foreign direct investments (FDI), and gross domestic product was observed using gross domestic product per capita (GDP p.c.). The study covers the countries of the Western Balkans in the period from 2005 to 2022. The methods of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, as well as the method of comparison, were used. The results of the study indicate that the KOF Index of Globalisation has a statistically significant and strong positive relationship with the inflow of foreign direct investments and with the gross domestic product per capita. In addition, the results show an increasing trend in the value of the KOF Index of Globalisation and in the growth of gross domestic product per capita.
engleski
2025
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Key words: globalization, index of globalization, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, Western Balkans
Ključne reči: globalizacija, indeks globalizacije, strane direktne investicije, bruto domaći prizvod, Zapadni Balkan