Naslov (srp)

Ocena efikasnosti različitih sistema rada na poslovima seče i izrade drvnih sortimenata : doktorska disertacija

Autor

Antonić, Slavica, 1985-

Doprinosi

Danilović, Milorad, 1966-
Musić, Jusuf
Govedar, Zoran, 1967-
Borota, Dragan, 1978-
Stojnić, Dušan, 1986-

Opis (eng)

Felling and processing of wood assortments in Serbia is performed with chainsaws in over90% of cases. It is stated in the literature that the job of a chainsaw operator is one of the most difficultbut also the most dangerous ones. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the efficiency andchoose the organizational form of work in tree felling and wood assortments processing underdifferent operating conditions, while taking into account several factors. This research was carriedout in 7 sample plots (5 in a lowland area and 2 in a hilly-mountainous area), where the felling oftrees and wood assortments processing were performed with Stihl and Husqvarna chainsaws, ofdifferent powers. Three different forms of work (1 worker with chainsaw (C), without assistant (A) –1C+0A, 1C+1A and 2C+0A) were investigated in stands of different tree species and different typesof felling (clear felling in poplar plantations, thinning in oak stands and selection cutting in a beechand fir stand).It was established that there are statistically significant differences in the achievement ofresults between the analyzed organizational forms of work, but also among the tree species.Performance increases with an increase in diameter class in all organizational forms of work.Fuel consumption mostly depends on the diameter at breast height, after that on the treespecies, and only then on the power of the chainsaw and the organizational form of work. It was foundthat the lowest fuel and oil consumption, as well as energy consumption and emission of harmfulgases, are achieved when two chainsaws in beech forest (one of higher and one of lower power) arecombined, in the organizational form of work 2C+0A.It was established that the diameter of the felled tree, the slope of the terrain and thecomposition of the stand have the highest impact on the damage to the remaining trees in felling andwood assortment processing, while damage to the regeneration is most influenced by the operator'sskill.The load of two workers who handle one larger and one smaller saw is on average by 11%lower compared to the group of workers who handle two saws of higher power, so from an ergonomicpoint of view (as well as in terms of fuel consumption and lubricants), the combination of a largerand a smaller saw is more favourable.

Opis (srp)

Seča stabala i izrada drvnih sortimenata u Srbiji se u preko 90% slučajeva obavlja motornimtesterama. U literaturi se navodi da je posao radnika koji rukuje motornom testerom jedan od najtežih,ali i najopasnijih. Osnovni cilј ovog istraživanja je bila ocena efikasnosti i izbor odgovarajućeorganizacione forme rada u seči stabala i izradi drvnih sortimenata u različitim uslovima rada,istovremeno uvažavajući više faktora. Ovo istraživanje obavljeno je na 7 oglednih površina (5 uravničarskom i 2 u brdsko-planinskom predelu), gde su seča stabala i izrada drvnih sortimenataobavljene motornim testerama Stihl i Husqvarna, koje su se razlikovale po snazi. Istraživane su trirazličite forme rada (1M (radnik koji rukuje motornom testerom) +0R (pomoćni radnik), 1M+1R i2M+0R) u sastojinama različitih vrsta drveća i različitim vrstama seče (čista seča u zasadima topole,proredna seča u sastojini hrasta i prebirna seča u sastojini bukve i jele).Utvrđeno je da postoje statistički značajne razlike u ostvarivanju učinaka izmeđuorganizacionih formi rada, ali i između vrste drveća.Potrošnja goriva najviše zavisi od prečnika stabla na prsnoj visini, zatim od vrste drveća, a tekonda od snage motorne testere i organizacione forme rada. Utvrđeno je da je se najmanja potrošnjagoriva i maziva, ali i potrošnja energije kao i emisija štetnih gasova ostvaruje kombinacijom dvemotorne testere u sastojini bukve (jedne veće i jedne manje snage), u organizacionoj formi rada2M+0R.Utvrđeno je da na štete na preostalim stablima u seči stabla izradi drvnih sortimenata najvećiuticaj imaju prečnik posečenog stabla, zatim nagib terena i sklop sastojine, dok na štete na podmlatkunajveći uticaj ima veština rukovaoca.Ukupno opterećenje dvojice radnika koji rukuju jednom većom i jednom manjom testerom uproseku je za 11% manje u odnosu na grupu radnika koji rukuju dvema testerama veće snage, pa je isa ergonmskog aspekta povoljnija varijanta kombinacije veće i manje testere (kao i kod potrošnjegoriva i maziva).

Opis (srp)

Šumarstvo / Forestry Datum odbrane: 08.09.2023.

Jezik

srpski

Datum

2023

Licenca

© All rights reserved

Predmet

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