Naslov (srp)

Karakterizacija vrsta iz Fusarium fujikuroi kompleksa patogena zrna strnih žita u Srbiji : doktorska disertacija

Autor

Savić, Iva, 1988-

Doprinosi

Duduk, Nataša, 1971-
Stanković, Slavica, 1957-
Vico, Ivana, 1964-
Lučev, Milica, 1987-
Kandić, Vesna, 1982-

Opis (eng)

Fusarium fujikuroi species complex isolates were obtained from grains ofcommon wheat, durum wheat, barley and triticale collected from storages from 55locations in Serbia during four years (2014-2017). Selected isolates were identified andcharacterized based on pathogenic, molecular, morphological and toxicologicalcharacteristics. Three species of F. fujikuroi complex were identified on small grains -Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium subglutinans. Results ofthese researches confirmed the presence of these three species on wheat and barleygrains in Serbia. This is the first report of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F.subglutinans on durum wheat grain in Serbia, as well as on triticale grain in the world.Molecular identification of the F. fujikuroi species complex was done on the basisof three gene loci (ITS, TEF 1-α and RPB2). By sequencing three gene loci, sequenceswere obtained on the basis of which phylogenetic trees were reconstructed for eachregion. All three species of the F. fujikuroi species complex were successfully separatedbased on the TEF 1-α region, while on the other two regions it was not possible. Speciesidentification was also done using specific primers (VER1/VER2, PRO1/PRO2,SUB1/SUB2, FV-F2/FV-FR, FS-F1/FS-R and FS-F2/FS-R).Based on macroscopic characteristics such as appearance and color of themycelium, pigmentation of the substrate, variability was observed in all three species ofF. fujikuroi species complex, but based on these characteristics, it was not possible toaccurately distinguish these three species. All three species produced macroconidia andmicroconidia, while the presence of mesoconidia was observed only in F. subglutinansisolates. Species of the F. fujikuroi complex produced straight-edged macroconidia with acurved apical cell and a foot-shaped basal cell. The species longest macroconidia wereproduced by F. subglutinans. Microconidia were without septa, oval in shape. Theshortest microconidia were formed by F. proliferatum isolates. The species F.verticillioides formed microconidia in long chains on monophialids, while F. proliferatumformed shorter chains of microconidia on monophialids and polyphialids. Species F.subglutinans formed microconidia in false heads on monophialids and polyphialids. Themethods of formation of microconidia can be useful in the preliminary identification ofthese three species.The virulence of the species was tested on barley leaves and spikes on durumwheat, wheat, barley and triticale. On barley leaves, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinanswere equally virulent, while F. verticillioides had the lowest average virulence rating.Research on the durum wheat spikes was conducted in two year period. The resultsshowed that virulence was higher in the second year of the trial. During both years, themost virulent species was F. verticillioides, while the species F. proliferatum and F.subglutinans were equally virulent. During one production year the virulence of thesespecies was tested on wheat, barley and triticale spikes, after which it was concludedthat all three species from F. fujikuroi complex were equally virulent.The species of this complex are significant for their ability to synthesizemycotoxins, of which the most important are fumonisins. The concentrations ofsynthesized fumonisins were tested using the ELISA method. The obtained resultsindicated high concentrations of fumonisins in isolates of F. verticillioides and F.proliferatum, while isolates of F. subglutinans synthesized fumonisins in lowconcentrations or below the detection rate.

Opis (srp)

Iz zrna obične pšenice, durum pšenice, ječma i tritikalea sakupljenih iz skladištasa 55 lokaliteta u Srbiji tokom četiri godine (2014.-2017.) dobijeni su izolati vrstaFusarium fujikuroi kompleksa. Odabrani izolati su identifikovani i okarakterisani naosnovu patogenih, molekularnih, morfoloških i toksikoloških karakteristika. Na strnimžitima identifikovane su tri vrste F. fujikuroi kompleksa - Fusarium verticillioides,Fusarium proliferatum i Fusarium subglutinans. Ova ispitivanja su potvrdila prisustvoove tri vrste na zrnu pšenice i ječma u Srbiji. F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum i F.subglutinans su po prvi put opisane na zrnu durum pšenice u Srbiji, kao i na zrnutritikalea u svetu.Molekularna identifikacija vrsta F. fujikuroi kompleksa urađena je na osnovu trigenska lokusa (ITS, TEF 1-α i RPB2). Sekvenciranjem tri genska lokusa dobijene susekvence na osnovu kojih su rekonstruisana filogenetska stabla za svaki region posebno.Na osnovu TEF 1-α regiona uspešno su razdvojene sve tri vrste F. fujikuroi kompleksa,dok na osnovu druga dva regiona to nije bilo moguće. Identifikacija vrsta urađena je iprimenom specifičnih prajmera (VER1/VER2, PRO1/PRO2, SUB1/SUB2, FV-F2/FV-FR,FS-F1/FS-R i FS-F2/FS-R).Na osnovu makroskopskih karakteristika kao što su izgled i boja micelije,pigmentacija podloge uočena je varijabilnost kod sve tri vrste F. fujikuroi kompleksa, alina osnovu ovih karakteristika nije bilo moguće precizno razlikovati ove tri vrste.Makrokonidije i mikrokonidije obrazovale su sve tri vrste, dok je prisustvo mezokonidijazabeleženo samo kod izolata vrste F. subglutinans. Vrste F. fujikuroi kompleksaobrazovale su makrokonidije ravnih ivica sa zakrivljenom apikalnom ćelijom i bazalnomćelijom u obliku stopala. Najduže makrokonidije obrazovala je vrsta F. subglutinans.Mikrokonidije su bile bez septi, ovalnog oblika. Najkraće mikrokonidije obrazovala jevrsta F. proliferatum. Vrsta F. verticillioides obrazovala je mikrokonidije u dugim lancimana monofijalidama, dok je vrsta F. proliferatum obrazovala kraće lance mikrokonidija namonofijalidama i polifijalidama. Kod vrste F. subglutinans mikrokonidije su se formiraleu lažnim glavicama na monofijalidama i polifijalidama. Načini obrazovanjamikrokonidija mogu poslužiti u preliminarnoj identifikaciji ove tri vrste.Virulentnost vrsta ispitana je na listovima ječma, klasu durum pšenice i klasupšenice, ječma i tritikalea. Na listovima ječma vrste F. proliferatum i F. subglutinans bilesu jednako virulentne, dok je vrsta F. verticillioides imala najmanju prosečnu ocenuvirulentnosti. Ispitivanja na klasu durum pšenice sprovedena su tokom dve godine.Rezultati su pokazali da je virulentnost bila veća u drugoj godini ispitivanja. Tokom obegodine najvirulentnija vrsta je bila F. verticillioides dok su vrste F. proliferatum i F.subglutinans bile su jednako virulentne. Tokom jedne proizvodne godine ispitana jevirulentnost ovih vrsta na klasu pšenice, ječma i tritikalea, nakon čega je zaključeno dasu sve tri vrste F. fujikuroi kompleksa bile jednako virulentne.Vrste ovog kompleksa su značajne zbog svoje sposobnosti da sintetišumikotoksine od kojih su najznačajniji fumonizini. Koncentracije sintetisanih fumonizinaispitane su ELISA metodom. Dobijeni rezultati ukazali su na visoke koncentracijefumonizina kod izolata vrsta F. verticillioides i F. proliferatum, dok su izolati vrste F.subglutinans sintetisali fumonizine u niskim koncentracijama ili ispod praga detekcije.

Opis (srp)

Biotehničke nauke - Fitopatologija / Biotechnical sciences - Phytopathology Datum odbrane: 07.09.2023.

Jezik

srpski

Datum

2023

Licenca

Ovo delo je licencirano pod uslovima licence
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 AT - Creative Commons Autorstvo - Nekomercijalno - Bez prerada 3.0 Austria License.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/at/legalcode

Predmet

OSNO - Opšta sistematizacija naučnih oblasti, Suzbijanje biljnih bolesti i štetočina

Fusarium fujikuroi, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium subglutinans, pšenica, durum pšenica, ječam, tritikale, fumonizini

632.4:633.1(043.3)

OSNO - Opšta sistematizacija naučnih oblasti, Suzbijanje biljnih bolesti i štetočina

Fusarium fujikuroi, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium subglutinans, wheat, durum wheat, barley, triticale, fumonisins