Naslov (srp)

Prinos i kvalitet smeša stočnog graška i ovsa u zavisnosti od faze korišćenja i prihrane azotom : doktorska disertacija

Autor

Krga, Ivan, 1990-

Doprinosi

Dželetović, Željko, 1962-
Stojanović, Bojan, 1973-
Simić, Aleksandar, 1970-
Mandić, Violeta, 1978-
Dolijanović, Željko, 1973-

Opis (eng)

Intercropping plants can reduce the adverse effects of modern agriculture on theenvironment and enhance feed quality. Due to a short growth period, pronounced positive impact onsoil, and strong resistance to weeds, diseases, and lodging, field pea and oat mixtures are promisingcrops for intercropping. A three-year study was conducted at the Institute of Animal Husbandry inBelgrade to assess the productivity of field pea and oat mixtures in a specific agro-ecologicalenvironment, under the influence of various treatments. The treatments included examination ofnitrogen application (0, 40, and 80 kg ha-1), different sowing ratios of the two species in the mixture(100:15% and 100:30%), with two control crops (sole field peas at 100% and sole oats at 100%),and the optimal mowing phase (full flowering and full pod formation).The study evaluated the influence of individual treatments and the productivity of thecultivated mixtures based on yields, competition relations, and feed quality. The three-year studyrevealed that mixtures showed a 20% higher productivity per unit area compared to pure crops. Themixtures produced higher yields of green mass (100:30% - 21 t ha-1, 100:15% - 20.2 t ha-1, oats –19.9 t ha-1, field peas – 16.7 t ha-1), and dry mass (100:30% - 4.82 t ha-1, 100:15% - 4.44 t ha-1, oats– 4.99 t ha-1, field peas – 3.17 t ha-1) compared to pure crops. The highest yield of crude protein wasobtained with the 100:15% mixture (730 kg ha-1), followed by the 100:30% mixture (693 kg ha-1),field peas (633 kg ha-1), and the lowest yield was from oats (456 kg ha-1). The 100:15% mixtureshowed higher true protein content (9.21%) and digestibility (64.3%) compared to the 100:30%mixture (8.26% and 60.7%). In all crops, the application of 80 kg N ha-1 showed the highest proteinyield (704 kg ha-1) compared to 40 kg N ha-1 (638 kg ha-1) and the control treatment withoutnitrogen application (543 kg ha-1). The application of nitrogen fertilizer had a significant impact onincreasing the yield of green and dry mass as well. The dry mass yield for mixtures was higher onaverage in the second mowing phase compared to the first. The protein yield was higher in thesecond mowing phase compared to the first for the mixture 100:15% (I - 700 kg ha-1; II - 761 kg ha-1), whereas no significant difference was observed for the 100:30% mixture.Combined cultivation of field peas and oats for the production of fodder feeds has proven tobe a superior way of cultivation compared to individual cultivation of these species. Nitrogenapplication is considered necessary, mainly on soils of lower fertility. The mixture with a sowingratio of 100:15% achieved higher crude protein yields and higher digestibility biomass, while themixture with a higher percentage share of oats (100:30%) achieved higher biomass yields. Higherbiomass yields were achieved in the full pod formation phase. Higher protein yields were alsoachieved for the mixture 100:15% in the second mowing phase. However, mowing in the secondphase yields biomass with lower digestibility.

Opis (srp)

Jedan od načina da se ublaži negativan uticaj intenzivne poljoprivredneproizvodnje na životnu sredinu i poboljša proizvodnja kabaste stočne hrane jeste združivanjerazličitih vrsta biljaka. Zbog kratkog vegetacionog perioda, pozitivnog delovanja na zemljište,dobre otpornosti na korove, bolesti i poleganje, stočni grašak i ovas predstavljaju perspektivne vrsteza ovaj vid gajenja. Trogodišnje istraživanje je sprovedeno na oglednim poljima Instituta zastočarstvo u Beogradu sa ciljem da se ustanovi produktivnost stočnog graška i ovsa u datimagroekološkim uslovima i pod uticajem različitih tretmana. U okviru različitih tretmana ispitivanisu: prihrana mineralnim azotom (0, 40 i 80 kg ha-1), setveni odnos stočnog graška i ovsa u smeši(100:15% i 100:30%) sa dva kontrolna useva (čist stočni grašak 100% i čist ovas 100%) i optimalnovreme košenja (faza punog cvetanja i faza formiranja mahuna useva stočnog graška).Na osnovu prinosa, kompeticijskih odnosa i kvaliteta hraniva ocenjen je uticaj pojedinihtretmana i produktivnost gajenih smeša. Trogodišnjim istraživanjem ustanovljeno je da smeše imajuveću produktivnost po jedinici površine za približno 20% u odnosu na čiste useve. Smešeobezbeđuju veće prinose zelene mase (100:30% - 21 t ha-1, 100:15% - 20,2 t ha-1, ovas - 19,9 t ha-1,stočni grašak - 16,7 t ha-1) i suve mase (100:30% - 4,82 t ha-1, 100:15% - 4,44 t ha-1, ovas - 4,99 tha-1, stočni grašak – 3,17 t ha-1) u odnosu na čiste useve. Najveći prinos sirovih proteina je ostvarenkod smeše 100:15% (730 kg ha-1), zatim smeše 100:30% (693 kg ha-1), stočnog graška (633 kg ha-1), pa kod ovsa (456 kg ha-1). Kod smeše 100:15% je zabeležen viši sadržaj pravih proteina (9,21%)i veća svarljivost (64,3%) nego kod smeše 100:30% (8,26% i 60,7%). Kod svih useva najvećiprinosi proteina postignuti su prihranom sa 80 kg N ha-1 (704 kg ha-1) u odnosu na 40 kg N ha-1(638 kg ha-1) i kontrolu (543 kg ha-1). Prihrana azotom ima značajan uticaj i na povećanje prinosazelene i suve mase. Prosečan prinos suve mase smeša je bio značajno veći u drugoj fazi košenja uodnosu na prvu. Prinos proteina je bio veći u drugoj fazi košenja u odnosu na prvu kod smeše100:15% (I - 700 kg ha-1; II - 761 kg ha-1), dok kod smeše 100:30% razlike nisu bile značajne.Združeno gajenje stočnog graška i ovsa za proizvodnju voluminozne hrane predstavljasuperiorniji vid gajenja u odnosu na pojedinačno gajenje ovih vrsta. Primena azota se može smatratineophodnom, naročito na zemljištima niže plodnosti. Smeša sa setvenim odnosom 100:15%ostvarila je veće prinose sirovih proteina i biomasu veće svarljivosti, dok je smeša 100:30%ostvarila veće prinose biomase. Veći prinos suve mase je bio u fazi formiranja mahuna. Takođe,smeša 100:15% je imala veće prinose proteina u drugoj fazi košenja. Međutim, košenjem u drugojfazi dobija se stočna hrana niže svarljivosti.

Opis (srp)

Biotehničke nauke - Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo / Biotechnical sciences - Field and vegetable crops Datum odbrane: 12.06.2023.

Jezik

srpski

Datum

2023

Licenca

Ovo delo je licencirano pod uslovima licence
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 AT - Creative Commons Autorstvo - Nekomercijalno - Bez prerada 3.0 Austria License.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/at/legalcode

Predmet

OSNO - Opšta sistematizacija naučnih oblasti, Poljski usevi i njihova proizvodnja

biomass yield, crude proteins, feed quality, fertilisation, field peas, LER index, mixture, mowing phase, nitrogen, oats

OSNO - Opšta sistematizacija naučnih oblasti, Poljski usevi i njihova proizvodnja

azot, vreme košenja, kvalitet, LER indeks, ovas, prinos biomase, prihrana, sirovi proteini, smeše, stočni grašak

633.35+633.13]:636.085.2(043.3)