Tranzicija ka cirkularnoj ekonomiji i promene na tržištu rada
Abstract: At the turn of the 21st century, profound socio-economic changes in the world economy began. These changes happening in all developed countries were manifested through the process of forming a post-industrial society. The technological basis for their implementation is innovations created within the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Changes in socio-economic systems primarily emphasize the importance of solving environmental problems, applying the principles of sustainable development, increasing the importance of renewable energy sources, and reducing the exploitation of resources. The considerable environmental problems that began to emerge over time necessitated the need to gradually transform the traditional linear model of economic development into a newer one that has more regard for natural resources that need to be preserved for future generations – the circular economy model. In addition to changes in production processes and business models, transition to circular economy is also affecting the labour market. This impact is reflected in both the change in the number of jobs in economy’s individual sectors, as well as in the knowledge and skills that workers need to have in the economy introducing the circular economy concept. It is quite certain that in the future the number of jobs in the sectors related to the extraction and processing of resources will decrease, while it will increase in the sectors that focus on recycling and reparation of products. The paper points out the ways in which economic and educational policies should promote new jobs, as well as the skills and knowledge necessary for the application of new technologies, production processes, and business models in circular economy. The recommendation is that circular economy aspects be integrated into public policies related to employment and human resources education. It is also necessary to encourage development of the innovative business models at micro level that have high potential in terms of increasing employment. However, on the other hand, public policies should also consider the negative effects on employment that are bound to occur in traditional sectors.
Apstrakt: Na prelazu iz XX u XXI vek započele su duboke društveno-ekonomske promene u svetskoj privredi. Te promene u svim razvijenim zemljama su se ispoljile kroz proces formiranja postindustrijskog društva. Tehnološka osnova za njihovo sprovođenje su inovacije nastale u okviru Industrijske revolucije 4.0. Promene društveno-ekonomskih sistema u prvom planu ističu značaj rešavanja ekoloških problema, primenu principa održivog razvoja, povećanje značaja obnovljivih izvora energije i smanjenje eksploatacije resursa. Veliki ekološki problemi koji su vremenom počeli da se pojavljuju su uslovili potrebu da se tradicionalni linearni model ekonomskog razvoja postepeno transformiše u noviji model koji ima više obzira prema prirodnim resursima koje je potrebno sačuvati za naredne generacije – model cirkularne ekonomije. Pored promena u proizvodnim procesima i poslovnim modelima, tranzicija ka cirkularnoj ekonomiji utiče i na tržište rada. Taj uticaj se ogleda kako na promenu broja radnih mesta u pojedinačnim sektorima privrede, tako i na znanja i veštine koje su neophodne da poseduju radnici u privredi koja uvodi koncepte cirkularne ekonomije. Sasvim je sigurno da će se u budućnosti smanjivati broj radnih mesta u sektorima koji se odnose na ekstrakciju i obradu resursa, dok će se povećavati u sektorima koji su okrenuti ka recikliranju i reparaciji proizvoda. U radu se ukazuje na načine na koji ekonomska i obrazovna politika treba da promovišu nova radna mesta, kao i veštine i znanja neophodna za primenu novih tehnologija, proizvodnih procesa i poslovnih modela u cirkularnoj ekonomiji. Preporuka je da se aspekti cirkularne ekonomije integrišu u javne politike koje se odnose zapošljavanje i obrazovanje kadrova. Takođe, neophodno je podsticati i razvoj inovativnih poslovnih modela na mikro nivou koji imaju visok potencijal u smislu povećavanja zaposlenosti. Međutim, sa druge strane, javne politike treba da sagledaju i negativne efekte po zaposlenost koji će se sigurno pojaviti u tradicionalnim sektorima.
srpski
2021
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KLJUČNE REČI: CIRKULARNA EKONOMIJA, TRŽIŠTE RADA, SISTEM OBRAZOVANJA
KEYWORDS: CIRCULAR ECONOMY, LABOUR MARKET, EDUCATION POLICY