Uticaj COVID-19 pandemije na finansijske performanse auto-dobavljača u Srbiji
APSTRAKT: Proces globalizacije je olakšao internacionalizaciju poslovanja. U kapitalno i tehnološ- ki intenzivnim industrijama glavni motivi internacionalizacije poslovanja su pristup ino- stranoj tražnji i unapređenje efikasnosti lanca snabdevanja. Globalizacija je omogućila multinacionalnim kompanijama iz ovih grana transfer pojedinih aktivnosti sa manjim stepenom dodate vrednosti na pojedina tranziciona i tržišta u nastajanju, čime je došlo do unapređenja poslovnih performansi, ali i rasta složenosti lanca snabdevanja. Lanci snab- devanja su na ovaj način postali ranjivi na eksterne šokove. Pojava pandemije Covid-19 je dovelo do stvaranja „uskih grla“ u lancu snabdevanja. U radu se analizira kako je pande- mija uticala na lance snabdevanja u auto industriji, preciznije na auto dobavljače koji su svoje proizvodne aktivnosti locirali u Srbiji. Kako bi doneli zaključke o uticaju pandemije Covid-19 na lance snabdevanja u auto industriji analizirali smo finansijske pokazatelje ompanija članica Automobilskog klastera Srbije u periodu od 2016. do 2021. godine. Analiza je pokazala da je početak Covid-19 pandemije uticao na pad finansijskih pokaza- telja analiziranih kompanija, ali da je državna pomoć u vidu subvencija tokom pandemije, ublažila negativne efekte pandemije.
ABSTRACT: Internationalization have become much easier due to growing globalization. Incumbents from technological and capital-intensive industries internationalize their business opera- tions aiming to access foreign demand and to improve supply chains efficiency. Due to globalization, multinational companies are able to outsource low-added supply chain activates in transition and emerging markets. The outsourcing of the supply chain activi- ties results in improved business performance and increasing complexity of the supply chain. The supply chains have become highly vulnerable to external shocks. Covid -19 pandemic has created supply chains’ bottlenecks in many industries. This paper analyzes how the pandemic has affected automotive industry supply chains, precisely effects of the pandemic on automotive suppliers’ business performance in Serbia. Financial data of Serbian Automotive Cluster members in period 2016-2021 are analyzed with the aim to conclude how the pandemic affect automotive supply chains. Conclusion is that the pandemic negatively affected the companies’ business performances, but government financial aid during the pandemic mitigate effects of the crises.
srpski
2023
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KEYWORDS: AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, SUPPLY CHAIN, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
KLJUČNE REČI: AUTO INDUSTRIJA, COVID-19, LANCI SNABDEVANJA, FINANSIJSKE PERFORMANSE