Valutna klauzula : ekonomsko-finansijske posledice
Abstract For years now, Serbia de facto lives in a dual currency system. Local currency is being used for most of the transactions with relatively small amounts. Alongside with that, local currency is being used as a formal means of payment for transaction accounted in Euros, i.e. with FX clause. FX clause is being used to express prices in real sector (goods, services, real estate, salaries, rents), but also for lending and repayment purposes in financial sector. FX clause, from theoretical perspective, would make sense as means of controlling the risk of FX rate movement in future, but only for agents with FX inputs, i.e. expenditures. However, mainly due to high inflation and hyperinflation heritage, FX clause is being used often and basically wrong, as an instrument to control risk of loss of purchasing power due to inflation. For this purpose it would be appropriate to use indexing for changes in Consumer Price Index, as a measure of inflation, and not indexing for changes in FX rate, i.e. FX clause. This because inflation and movement in FX rate do not have to be, and in most cases are not, perfectly correlated. Despite this, FX clause is widespread in use in both real and financial sectors. This paper is analyzing negative economic and financial consequences of widespread FX clause usage for an overall economic system of a country.
Project: The risks of financial institutions and markets in Serbia-microeconomic and macroeconomic approach (MESTD - 179005)
Apstrakt: Srbija već godinama živi u de facto dvovalutnom sistemu. Dinari se koriste za većinu transakcija manjeg obima ali i kao formalno sredstvo plaćanja za transakcije obračunate u evrima, tj. sa valutnom klauzulom. Valutna klauzula se koristi za isticanje cena u realnom sektoru (robe, usluge, nekretnine, plate, zakupnine), ali i za odobravanje i vraćanje kredita u finansijskom sektoru. Valutna klauzula bi teorijski imala smisla da se koristi kao instrument kontrole rizika promene deviznog kursa za transaktore koji imaju devizne inpute, tj. troško- ve. Međutim, uglavnom zbog nasleđa visoke inflacije i hiperinflacije, valutna klauzula se u našoj zemlji često i neosnovano koristi na pogrešan način, tj. kao zaštita od gubitka kupovne snage domaće valute. U svrhu zaštite kupovne snage, ispravno bi bilo koristiti indeksiranje za kretanje Indeksa potrošačkih cena kao mere inflacije, a ne indeksiranje za kretanje devi- znog kursa, tj. valutnu klauzulu, jer inflacija i promena deviznog kursa ne moraju, i po pra- vilu nisu, u perfektnoj pozitivnoj korelativnoj vezi. Uprkos tome, valutna klauzula je raspro- stranjena i u realnom i u finansijskom sektoru. Ovaj rad analizira negativne ekonomske i finansijske posledice korišćenja valutne klauzule u privrednom sistemu zemlje.
srpski
2020
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Ključne reči: valutna klauzula, monetarna politika, finansijska stabilnost
Keywords: FX clause; monetary policy; financial stability