Naslov (srp)

Sinteza i karakterizacija stakla i staklokeramike na bazi letećeg pepela i otpadnog stakla : doktorska disertacija

Autor

Savić, Veljko V.,

Doprinosi

Petrović, Rada, 1965-
Grujić, Snežana, 1964-
Dojčinović, Marina, 1964-
Popović, Daniela, 1975-
Matijašević, Srđan, 1970-
Nikolić, Jelena, 1972-
Jevtić, Sanja, 1975-

Opis (srp)

Predmet ove doktorske disertacije je ispitivanje mogućnosti korišćenja otpadnih materijala za dobijanje staklastih i staklokeramičkih materijala. Leteći pepeo iz termolektrane „Nikola Tesla”, Obrenovac, stakleni krš ambalažnog stakla i saturacioni mulj fabrike šećera „Crvenka“, Crvenka korišćeni su kao polazne sirovine za dobijanje materijala. Ovi materijali obično se odlažu na deponije i nemaju upotrebnu vrednost. Njihovom primenom mogu se dobiti stakla i sinterovani staklasti i staklokeramički materijali velike gustine i dobrih mehaničkih svojstava. Upotrebom staklenog krša ambalažnog stakla i saturacionog mulja moguće je dobiti staklene pene visoke poroznoti koje imaju termoizolaciona svojstva.Ispitivano je šest različitih sastava stakala na bazi letećeg pepela sa različitin dodacima: CaCO3 i Na2CO3, Na2CO3, CaCO3, saturacioni mulj, stakleni krš i CaCO3 i stakleni krš i saturacioni mulj. Struktura stakala ispitivana je FTIR metodom. Dekonvolucijom dela FTIR spekra na ~900 cm-1 određen je sadržaj vezujućeg i nevezujućeg kiseonika u tetraedrima koji izgrađuju staklenu mrežu. Termomikroskopskom analizom praćena je promena oblika silueta uzoraka stakla pri zagrevanju. Na osnovu temperatura fiksnih tačaka viskoznosti određene su viskoznosti stakala i energije aktivacije viskoznog toka. Primenom termomikroskopske i DTA analize definisane su temperature sinterovanja prahova stakala. XRD analizom identifikovane su kristalne faze nakon toplotne obrade uzoraka. Tvrdoća sinterovanih uzoraka određena je metodom po Vikersu. Primenom ultrazvučne vibracione metode određena je otpornost na dejstvo kavitacije sinterovanih uzoraka. SEM analizom identifikovana su oštećenja površine sinterovanih uzoraka nakon dejstva kavitacije. Hemijska postojanost sinterovanih uzoraka stakla ispitivana je TCLP metodom, kao i u destilovanoj vodi, 0,01 mol/dm3 rastvoru HCl i 0,01 mol/dm3 rastvoru NaOH. Potvrđeno da nije došlo do narušavanja strukture sinterovanih uzoraka nakon ispitivanja hemijske postojanosti.Ispitivan je uticaj dodatka saturacionog mulja, otpada sa visokim udelom CaCO3, i temperature zagrevanja na svojstva staklene pene. Ispitivana su fizičko-mehanička svojstva dobijenih staklenih pena. XRD metodom identifikovane su kristalne faze nastale tokom toplotne obrade. Mikrostrukturne karakteristike, odnosno, veličina pora određena je analizom fotografija površina staklene pene visoke rezolucije. Ispitan je uticaj sastava staklene pene i temperature sinterovanja na toplotnu provodljivost staklene pene. Najnižu toplotnu provodljivost, 0,043 W/m·K, imao je uzorak najveće poroznosti, odnosno, uzorak sa 2,5 % CaCO3 sinterovan na 800 °C.Upotrebom otpadnih sirovina sintetisani su materijali koji imaju upotrebnu vrednost. Mogućnost smanjenja količine otpada koji se odlaže na deponije, „besplatne“ sirovine i podsticanje otvorenog kruga reciklaže su samo neki od benefita primene otpadnih sirovina za dobijanje novih materijala.

Opis (srp)

Tehnološko inženjerstvo - Hemijsko inženjerstvo / Technological engineering- Chemical engineering Datum odbrane: 10.05.2024.

Opis (eng)

The subject of this doctoral dissertation is the study of the application of secondary raw materials for the production of glassy and glass-ceramic materials. Fly ash from the thermal power plant "Nikola Tesla", Obrenovac, glass cullet from container glass, and sugar beet factory lime from the sugar factory "Crvenka", Crvenka were used as starting raw materials for obtaining the materials. These materials usually end up in landfills and have no use value. By their application, glasses and sintered glass powders of high density and good mechanical properties can be obtained. By using glass powders of packaging glass and sugar beet factory lime, it is possible to obtain high-porosity foam glasses that have thermal insulation properties.Six different compositions of fly ash-based glasses with different additives were studied: CaCO3 and Na2CO3, Na2CO3, CaCO3, sugar beet factory lime, glass powder and CaCO3, and glass powder and sugar beet factory lime. The structure of the glasses was examined by the FTIR method. Deconvolution of part of the FTIR spectrum at ~900 cm-1 determined the content of bridging and non-bridging oxygen in the tetrahedra that make up the glass network. The change in the shape of the glass samples during heating was monitored by thermomicroscopic analysis. Fixed points of viscosity have defined shapes of pressed glass powder when heated. Based on the temperatures at the fixed viscosity points, the viscosity of the glasses and the activation energy of the viscous flow were determined. Using thermomicroscopic and DTA analysis, the sintering temperatures of glass powders were defined. XRD analysis identified crystalline phases after heat treatment of the samples. The hardness of the sintered samples was determined by the Vickers method. The cavitation resistance of the sintered samples was determined using the ultrasonic vibration method. Damage to the surface of the sintered samples after cavitation was identified by SEM analysis. The chemical durability of sintered glass samples was tested by the TCLP method and in distilled water, 0.01 mol/dm3 HCl solution, and 0.01 mol/dm3 NaOH solution. The FTIR method confirmed that the structure of the sintered glass samples did not deteriorate after the chemical durability tests.The influence of the addition of sugar beet factory lime, waste rich with CaCO3, and the heating temperature on the properties of the foam glass was investigated. The physical and mechanical properties of the obtained foam glasses were tested. The crystalline phases formed during the heat treatment were identified by the XRD method. The compressive strength of the foam glass samples was determined by a universal device for testing mechanical properties. Microstructural characteristics, i.e., pore size, were determined by analyzing high-resolution photographs of foam glass polished surfaces. The influence of foam glass composition and sintering temperature on the thermal conductivity of glass foam was examined. The sample with the highest porosity, i.e. the sample with 2.5% CaCO3 sintered at 800 °C, had the lowest thermal conductivity, 0.043 W/m·K.By using waste raw materials, materials with useful value were synthesized. The possibility of reducing the amount of waste disposed of in landfills; "free" raw materials and promotion of open-loop recycling are just some of the benefits of using waste raw materials to obtain new materials.

Jezik

srpski

Datum

2024

Licenca

Ovo delo je licencirano pod uslovima licence
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 AT - Creative Commons Autorstvo - Nekomercijalno - Bez prerada 3.0 Austria License.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/at/legalcode

Predmet

OSNO - Opšta sistematizacija naučnih oblasti, Staklo. Emajl. Tehnička keramika. Cement. Beton

fly ash, glass cullet, sugar beet factory lime, glass, sintering, cavitation, foam glass, thermal conductivity

OSNO - Opšta sistematizacija naučnih oblasti, Staklo. Emajl. Tehnička keramika. Cement. Beton

leteći pepeo, stakleni krš, saturacioni mulj, staklo, sinterovanje, kavitacija, staklena pena, toplotna provodljivost